if you only removed one caliper, it should be fine, as long as you didnt let it all drain out.

for future reference, gravity bleed! Easiest way. Remove the old caliper, immediatly install the new one. open the bleed valve and lit it sit uintil a steady flow of fluid runs out, usually takes 2-3 minutes. TIghten the screw. Done.

If the system bleeds out and you have ABS it can be a bitch. Some ABS units have bleader screws. On those systems start bleeding there before the wheels. Other systems require the key to be on, while some require a scan too to cycle the internal valving.